Ruth Bondy was an author, a journalist and a gifted translator from Czech to Hebrew. She was born in Prague on 1923, to a Jewish-Zionist family, the majority of whose members perished in the Holocaust. Her father Yozeph, a bank executive, died in Dachau on February 5, 1945. Her mother Frantzi died of blood poisoning in Theresienstadt in November 1942.
“Four of us came back from the Holocaust: Grandma Herman, my cousin Otta, my sister Dita, and me. Twenty-five were wiped out. … Statistically speaking—a lucky family. After all, someone survived to tell its story” (Whole Fragments 29).
Bondy was born, raised and educated in the democratic Czechoslovakia of the post-World War I years. Like many of her contemporaries, she received a broad education in a range of subjects, including perfect German and the rich body of Czech literature.
She led a full social life, with many non-Jewish friends. Like most young people with Zionist leanings, she belonged to a youth group: Noar Ziyoni Lohem (Zionist Fighting Youth), known by the acronym of NeZaH (Eternity). Along with numerous members of the Zionist youth groups in Czechoslovakia, Bondy was sent for hakhsharah (agricultural training) in preparation for her future aliyah to pre-State Palestine.
However, the German entry into Prague on March 15 1939, and the new reality confronting the Jews of Czechoslovakia, put an end to the plans of the Zionist movements. The members answered the call of Jacob Edelstein (1903–1944), a Zionist leader who directed the Palestine Office in Prague.
Bondy, like many of her comrades, was mobilized to run the educational and social activities that had now become the responsibility of the young members of the Zionist youth movements, recently united under an umbrella organization, He-Haluz.
In October 1941 the Germans decided to set up a ghetto for the Jews of Czechoslovakia in the garrison town of Terezin. Construction of the ghetto (henceforth known by its German name of Theresienstadt) commenced one month later. It was the young members of He-Haluz who prepared the ghetto for the impending arrival of the Jews. Among the first to reach there was Bondy’s then-boyfriend, Honze. When she arrived at the ghetto, Bondy was nineteen years old.
As a member of a Zionist youth group, Bondy worked in a vegetable garden of the S.S, along with many of her comrades and was also involved in the unique and extensive educational activities that developed in the Theresienstadt ghetto. Most of her family members also came to the ghetto and several of them perished there.
In December 1943 Bondy was included in a transport to the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp, together with many of her comrades. In a special section of Birkenau, (B2b) a separate Family Camp was set up for Jews from the Theresienstadt ghetto, in case the Red Cross would want to visit them again.
Bondy and her comrades were sent to this camp, where men, women and children lived together, no selektions took place, and the prisoners’ heads were not shaven; however, prisoner numbers were still tattooed into their arms, and all knew their coming annihilation date.
Bondy was assigned the number 72430. After she immigrated to Israel a doctor removed the number from her arm at her request.
"…Here in Israel, the Jews also asked me: How is it that you survived? What did you have to do to stay alive? And in their eyes, a flicker of suspicion: Kapo? Whore? This was one of the reasons why I decided, in my second year in Israel, to remove the Auschwitz inmate number from my arm …" (WF 44).
In July 1944, roughly one month after the Czech family camp was liquidated, Bondy was transferred with a group of women prisoners to Hamburg, Germany. Later she was sent to Bergen Belzen camp, liberated by the allied Forces, weighing 35 Kilos and miraculously recover from typhus.
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At the age of twenty-two Bondy returned to Prague, finding her sister, Edit, who also survived. She started to work as a translator at UP news agency, and volunteered for a fighting unit made up of young Jews who wished to immigrate to Palestine. In August 1948 she took part in a military training camp, arriving at the port of Haifa on December 31 of that year.
One of her first assignments was teaching Hebrew. Within a relatively short time she began writing for a Czech periodical. But there was still one goal that eluded her: to write solely in Hebrew, a goal motivated by “… Zionism, naiveté, ignorance, gall, determination—each of them alone and all of them together. …” (WF 93).
Since 1952, Bondy became a journalist for the Davar newspaper, initially as Haifa correspondent for Omer, a newspaper in simple Hebrew for new immigrants. Beginning in 1959, she became a columnist for Devar ha-Shavua and in Tel Aviv, and appeared on Israel's first satirical very popular radio program, Slosha Besira Achat.
As a writer for Davar, Bondy made an important contribution to the journalistic genre of satirical humor and “color pieces” with a human-interest, which describe people and places, and reveal the personal side of anonymous individuals and public figures alike.
Her journalistic skills and the unique style of the interviews she conducted led to her literary writing, namely the composition of biographies. “Biography,” she maintained, “is actually a blending of life stories, that of the writer and that of the subject” (Shvarim Shlemim,163).
The protagonist of her first biographical work was Enzo Sereni, the oldest of the Jewish parachutists from Palestine who were dropped behind enemy lines in World War II (Ha-Shaliah: The Life and Death of Enzo Sereni, 1971). This remarkable work was awarded the Yizhak Sadeh Prize in 1974.
In Shevarim Shelemim she relates that this biography of the parachutist who was killed in a concentration camp, led to her ch her next work, the biography of Jacob Edelstein (1903–1944), chairman of the Ältestenrat (Council of Elders) in the Terezin Ghetto. Edelstein Against Time (1981), the first work in which she dealt directly with the Holocaust, was also the first Hebrew work to bring the story of this ghetto to the attention of the Israeli public. Since then Bondy has written many further books and articles on Terezin Ghetto and has also translated into Hebrew all the issues of Kamarad, a comic newspaper published in one of the ghetto’s children’s houses.
Her flowing style of writing, her insight and rich Hebrew, were a welcome addition to the Hebrew bookshelf. Bondy authored over twenty works, most of them biographies, and even one cookbook. Bondy was the first female journalist in Israel to receive the Sokolov award for journalism, she also won the Yizhak Sadeh award for military literature, the Yad Vashem Schwimmer prize, the Prime minister prize for authors and the Tchernichovsky prize for translation.
As the translator of all classic Czech literature to Hebrew, she also made a unique contribution to the cultural enrichment of Israelis. Among her translations is The Good Soldier Schweik, the masterpiece by Jaroslav Hašek (1883–1923). This work held special significance, since she and her fellow inmates in the Theresienstadt ghetto had turned to Schweik to keep up their spirits (“We’ll meet at six after the war” is a famous quotation from the work).
Although Bondy did not wish to be identified as a “Holocaust survivor,” she was involved in activities to preserve the history of Czechoslovakia’s Jews by initiating Beit Terezin, the center for the commemoration of Czech Jewry, at Kibbutz Givat Hayim Ihud. She also participated in many international conferences in Israel and abroad.
In 1981 she became a member of Sovlanut (Tolerance), a non-partisan movement for the prevention of violence that sought to educate Israelis on the importance of tolerance. The movement worked primarily with politicians, with the aim of moderating the aggressive nature of the election campaign. Following the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, in November 1995, Bondy withdrew movement with disappointment: “… I went into internal exile” she wrote. (WF 214).
From her marriage to the journalist Rafael Bashan in 1954, Ruth Bondy left one daughter, Tal Bashan, ajournalist and editor, and two grandchildren.
Ruth Bondy died on 14th of November 2017, at the age of 94. She was buried in the cemetery of Kibutz Givat Haim Ichud, near Beit Terezin. On her tombstone is engraved a sentence from "Shvarim Shlemim" : "The good is never self -understood to me, I am aware of the fragility of human existence".
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SELECTED WORKS BY RUTH BONDY
Hebrew
The Emissary: The Life and Death of Enzo Sereni. Tel Aviv: 1973; Small Comforts. Tel Aviv: 1975; Felix: Pinhas Rosen and his Time. Tel Aviv: 1980; Chaim Sheba: Physician for All People. Tel Aviv: 1981; Signed and Sealed: A Guide to Journalistic Writing. Tel Aviv: 1982; Whole Fragments. Tel Aviv: 1997; Uprooted Roots. Jerusalem: 2002.
English
Elder of the Jews: Jacob Edelstein of Theresienstadt. New York: 1989.
Translations from Czech to Hebrew
Call Me Friend: The Children’s Newspaper “Kamarad” from the Theresienstadt Ghetto, 1943–1944. Tel Aviv: 1998; Immortality, by Milan Kundera. Tel Aviv: 1991; Jerzy Weill: Life with a Star. Tel Aviv: 1991; Hašek, Jaroslav. The Good Soldier Schweik. Tel Aviv: 1980.
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